This is a report for professionals with a suite of test of headphone amplifier.
You can see a simple report for "dummies" with explanations of the main characteristics for Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC

A suite of tests for a headphone amplifier can be applied to just a universal output without a formal presence of an amplifier, if in this mode you can connect headphones to this output. Based on the results of the tests, you can understand the real picture, is the output powerful enough or not, with the initial data on the circuitry as a "black box".

Line-out, differences from the output for headphones and speakers

Advantages and disadvantages of balanced amplifiers

Test report - general data Kennerton Atlas (as headphone amplifier)

Frequency response, Impedance and Frequency response with standard headphones

Voltage levels from the load at the output of the amplifier

Average value of impedance band in 40 Hz - 15 kHz	8.8	ohm
Voltage: Linear Mode / Maximum or before clipping level	2.2/2.2	dBV
	1.3/1.3	V_RMS
Current: Linear Mode / Maximum or before clipping level	30.1/34.3	dB(mA)
	31.9/51.6	mA

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Frequency response Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC (as headphone amplifier)

Graphics setting view

Channel

Range

Channel:	Left	Right
Variation in frequency response in band from 40 Hz - 15 kHz	-1.4, +0.2	-1.3, +0.2	dB

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On the frequency response comparison page, there is an export option and additional tools for adjusting the frequency response

Impedance Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC (as headphone amplifier)

Graphics setting view

Channel

Channel:	Left	Right
Impedance average in band from 40 Hz - 15 kHz	8.9	8.7	ohm
The minimum value in band from 40 Hz - 15 kHz	7.9	7.8	ohm
The maximum value in band from 40 Hz - 15 kHz	10.2	10.0	ohm

Comparison of basic characteristics AMPs

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Crosstalk Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC (as headphone amplifier)

Graphics setting view

Channel

Range

Load

Channel:	Left	Right
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ 15.8 ohm	-49.8	-48.2	dB
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ 24.5 ohm	-52.5	-51.1	dB
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ 30.5 ohm	-54.1	-52.7	dB
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ 62.4 ohm	-59.4	-58.1	dB
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ 100.0 ohm	-63.0	-61.7	dB
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ 198.9 ohm	-69.1	-67.1	dB
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ 300.0 ohm	-71.4	-69.1	dB
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ 763.0 ohm	-77.4	-73.8	dB
Crosstalk @ 1 kHz @ Not loaded	-80.4	-75.6	dB

Brief information

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Crosstalk Phase Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC (as headphone amplifier)

Graphics setting view

Channel

Load

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Frequency response Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC with resistive load

Graphics setting view

Channel

Range

Frequency response of amplifier with resistive load @ 40 Hz - 15 kHz

Channel:	Left	Right
TEST 16 ? + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	1.0	1.0	dB
TEST 32 ? + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	0.6	0.6	dB
TEST 64 ? + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	0.4	0.3	dB
TEST 126 ? + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	0.2	0.2	dB
TEST 256 ? + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	0.1	0.1	dB
TEST 512 ? + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	0.0	0.0	dB

Brief information

Clicking on the graph will take you to the comparison page of different models with advanced graph display settings.

On the frequency response comparison page, there is an export option and additional tools for adjusting the frequency response

Frequency response Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC loaded dynamic headphone type

Graphics setting view

Channel

Range

Frequency response of amplifier loaded dynamic headphone type @ 40 Hz - 15 kHz

Channel:	Left	Right
TEST 10000 ? + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	0.0	0.0	dB
Grado GH4 Limited Edition + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	1.4	1.3	dB

Brief information

Clicking on the graph will take you to the comparison page of different models with advanced graph display settings.

On the frequency response comparison page, there is an export option and additional tools for adjusting the frequency response

Frequency response Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC loaded type balance armature headphone type

Graphics setting view

Channel

Range

Frequency response of amplifier loaded type balance armature headphone type @ 40 Hz - 15 kHz

Channel:	Left	Right
TEST 10000 ? + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	0.0	0.0	dB
Campfire Audio Andromeda + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	9.2	9.1	dB
Fearless Audio S8F Freedom + Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC	6.4	5.8	dB

Brief information

Clicking on the graph will take you to the comparison page of different models with advanced graph display settings.

On the frequency response comparison page, there is an export option and additional tools for adjusting the frequency response

THD vs load vs output voltage Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC

Graphics setting view

Channel

Load

Harmonic, number

Graphics setting view

Channel

Load

Harmonic, number

Graphics setting view

Channel

Load

Brief information

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Maximum voltage output level vs load Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC

Graphics setting view

Type of chart

RAW coordinates

Power characteristics of the	Voltage		Current
	dBV	V_RMS	dB(mA)	mA
Equivalent class A	2.2	1.3	30.1	31.9
Equivalent class AB	2.2	1.3	34.3	51.6
Equivalent class B	2.2	1.3	34.3	51.6
Maximum mode	2.2	1.3	34.3	51.6

Volume Control Type	Analog
Optimal range of volume control	36.0	dB

Comparison Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC and another amplifiers by loudness (Volume Level)

Main characteristics of the Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC

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Maximum voltage output level vs load Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC

Graphics setting view

Type of chart

RAW coordinates

Maximum Amplifier Voltage Level

Load	Pure or equal class A		Optimal or equal class AB		Hard or equal class B		Max, before clipping
	dBV	V_RMS	dBV	V_RMS	dBV	V_RMS	dBV	V_RMS
15.8 ohm	-5.7	0.5	-1.8	0.5	-1.8	0.5	-1.8	0.5
24.5 ohm	-2.6	0.7	-0.6	0.7	-0.6	0.7	-0.6	0.7
30.5 ohm	-0.1	1.0	-0.1	1.0	-0.1	1.0	-0.1	1.0
62.4 ohm	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1	1.0	1.1
100 ohm	1.5	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.5	1.2
198.9 ohm	1.8	1.2	1.8	1.2	1.8	1.2	1.8	1.2
300 ohm	1.9	1.3	1.9	1.3	1.9	1.3	1.9	1.3
763 ohm	2.1	1.3	2.1	1.3	2.1	1.3	2.1	1.3
Not loaded	2.2	1.3	2.2	1.3	2.2	1.3	2.2	1.3

Maximum level of amplifier current

Load	Pure or equal class A		Optimal or equal class AB		Hard or equal class B		Max, before clipping
	dB(mA)	mA	dB(mA)	mA	dB(mA)	mA	dB(mA)	mA
15.8 ohm	30.3	32.8	34.2	51.2	34.2	51.2	34.2	51.2
24.5 ohm	29.6	30.4	31.6	38.0	31.6	38.0	31.6	38.0
30.5 ohm	30.2	32.5	30.2	32.5	30.2	32.5	30.2	32.5
62.4 ohm	25.1	18.1	25.1	18.1	25.1	18.1	25.1	18.1
100 ohm	21.5	11.8	21.5	11.8	21.5	11.8	21.5	11.8
198.9 ohm	15.9	6.2	15.9	6.2	15.9	6.2	15.9	6.2
300 ohm	12.4	4.2	12.4	4.2	12.4	4.2	12.4	4.2
763 ohm	4.5	1.7	4.5	1.7	4.5	1.7	4.5	1.7

Power

Load	Pure or equal class A		Optimal or equal class AB		Hard or equal class B		Max, before clipping
	dBm	mW	dBm	mW	dBm	mW	dBm	mW
15.8 ohm	12.3	17.0	16.2	41.4	16.2	41.4	16.2	41.4
24.5 ohm	13.5	22.6	15.5	35.4	15.5	35.4	15.5	35.4
30.5 ohm	15.1	32.3	15.1	32.3	15.1	32.3	15.1	32.3
62.4 ohm	13.1	20.4	13.1	20.4	13.1	20.4	13.1	20.4
100 ohm	11.5	14.0	11.5	14.0	11.5	14.0	11.5	14.0
198.9 ohm	8.8	7.7	8.8	7.7	8.8	7.7	8.8	7.7
300 ohm	7.2	5.2	7.2	5.2	7.2	5.2	7.2	5.2
763 ohm	3.3	2.1	3.3	2.1	3.3	2.1	3.3	2.1

Brief information

Clicking on the graph will take you to the comparison page of different models with advanced graph display settings.

Spectrum of Total Harmonic Distortion vs Level Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC (as headphone amplifier)

Graphics setting view

Channel

Level

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Level

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Shift

dBm

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Shift

dBV

Range

Brief information

Clicking on the graph will take you to the comparison page of different models with advanced graph display settings.

Spectrum of Multitone Distortion vs Level vs Load Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC (as headphone amplifier)

Graphics setting view

Channel

Level

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Level

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Shift

dBm

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Shift

dBV

Range

Brief information

Clicking on the graph will take you to the comparison page of different models with advanced graph display settings.

Spectrum of IMD SMPTE vs Level Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC (as headphone amplifier)

Graphics setting view

Channel

Level

Range

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Level

Range

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Shift

Range

dBm

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Shift

Range

dBV

Range

Brief information

Clicking on the graph will take you to the comparison page of different models with advanced graph display settings.

Spectrum of IMD CCIF vs Level Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC (as headphone amplifier)

Graphics setting view

Channel

Level

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Level

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Shift

dBm

Range

Graphics setting view

Channel

Shift

dBV

Range

Brief information

Clicking on the graph will take you to the comparison page of different models with advanced graph display settings.

More detailed

Measurements of Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC were carried out by Roman Kuznetsov on the hardware-software complex RAA.

The Kennerton Atlas Internal DAC test was conducted as a black box test, without regard to cost and prestige. This is the basic principle for making measurements, measurement reports and developing tests in RAA.

I believe that it is important to do not make an absolute assessment of the device, but an aggregate assessment when working together with a headphones and taking into account external factors. This allows you to effectively reveal the potential of the entire set of devices or to make a more optimal choice of components.

Kuznetsov Roman
Founder of RAA

Known by the nickname romanrex
Аuthor of articles iXBT.com

Information for Authors. You can freely use the graphics in your articles with a link to us.

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