General characteristics of the amp part of Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD
Output Impedance
2.32 ohm
Characteristics for the high quality mode
About the high quality mode
We make borders for the maximum characteristics for current and voltage by sound signal reproduction quality levels. In general, when the volume level is increased, the sound quality of the amplifier degrade. Approximately as a car above a certain speed becomes less manageable. High-quality mode is a mode in which it is considered that the amplifier works as clear as possible without distortion and corresponds to the equivalent class A F.A.Q.. As a car at speed with excellent manageability.
Power characteristics of the Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD
Headphone impedance, ohm
Power, mW
Voltage, dBV
32
38.83
0.94
300
4.69
1.48
Recommended impedance for headphones from the range 8 - 1008 ohm
For In-Ear Headphones
8 - 573 ohm
For Over-Ear Headphones
11 - 24 ohm
Characteristics for the maximum mode
Power characteristics of the Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD
Headphone impedance, ohm
Power, mW
Voltage, dBV
32
38.83
0.94
300
4.69
1.48
Recommended impedance for headphones from the range 8 - 1008 ohm
For In-Ear Headphones
8 - 573 ohm
For Over-Ear Headphones
11 - 24 ohm
Analysis and recommendations for Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD based on the measured characteristics
| Analysis and recommendations for Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD based on the measured characteristics | |||||
| Headphones | Areas of using headphones | Voltage Not loaded Max F.A.Q. / in equal class A F.A.Q., dBV | Current in equal class AF.A.Q., dB(mA) | Noise Isolation Necessity | Total |
| 1.55 /1.55 | 36.38 | ||||
| Noise Isolation Necessity Sensitivity: 126 dB/V SPL Impedance : 16 ohm The type of acoustic design: Closed Examples ±6 dB |
Home or studio, where sound from the headphones does not bother anyone | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
1 ★☆☆☆☆ |
3.7 ★★★☆☆ |
| Office and home, where people should not hear the sound from the headphones | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
|
| Street with active traffic | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
1 ★☆☆☆☆ |
3.7 ★★★☆☆ |
|
| Metro (subway), public transport | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
|
| In-Ear or Tablet Sensitivity: 120 dB/V SPL Impedance : 32 ohm The type of acoustic design: Open Examples ±6 dB |
Home or studio, where sound from the headphones does not bother anyone | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
| Office and home, where people should not hear the sound from the headphones | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
1 ★☆☆☆☆ |
3.7 ★★★☆☆ |
|
| Street with active traffic | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
|
| Metro (subway), public transport | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
1 ★☆☆☆☆ |
3.7 ★★★☆☆ |
|
| Over-ear Low impedance Sensitivity: 115 dB/V SPL Impedance : 32 ohm The type of acoustic design: Closed Examples ±6 dB |
Home or studio, where sound from the headphones does not bother anyone | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
1 ★☆☆☆☆ |
3.7 ★★★☆☆ |
| Office and home, where people should not hear the sound from the headphones | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
|
| Street with active traffic | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
1 ★☆☆☆☆ |
3.7 ★★★☆☆ |
|
| Metro (subway), public transport | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
|
| Over-ear Low impedance Sensitivity: 115 dB/V SPL Impedance : 32 ohm The type of acoustic design: Open Examples ±6 dB |
Home or studio, where sound from the headphones does not bother anyone | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
| Street with active traffic | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
|
| Metro (subway), public transport | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
1 ★☆☆☆☆ |
3.7 ★★★☆☆ |
|
| Over-ear Hi impedance Sensitivity: 105 dB/V SPL Impedance : 300 ohm The type of acoustic design: Open Examples ±6 dB |
Home or studio, where sound from the headphones does not bother anyone | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
| Street with active traffic | 5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5.0 ★★★★★ |
|
| Over-ear Low Sensitivity Sensitivity: 95 dB/V SPL Impedance : 60 ohm The type of acoustic design: Open Examples ±6 dB |
Home or studio, where sound from the headphones does not bother anyone | 4 ★★★★☆ |
5 ★★★★★ |
5 ★★★★★ |
4.3 ★★★★☆ |
Description of the characteristics and recommendations for Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD on the table of recommendations
In the table, the characteristics are interpreted and then the ratings are given on a five-point scale. You can see below the more comprehensive analysis of the characteristics by the algorithms used in the table.
The table provides two main estimates for the amplifier: an estimate by current and an estimate by voltage. The characteristics of the headphones and the environment affect the final desired voltage level from the amplifier output, which must provide a sufficiently level of loudness from the headphones.
Main characteristics of the Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD
The main "universal" characteristics of the amplifier are maximum current, maximum voltage and output impedance.Значения тока и напряжения может быть разделено по порогам качества.
В общем случае, при увеличении громкости, качество звучания усилителя ухудшается. Примерно как автомобиль с определенной скороcти становится менее управляемым. В этом отчете мы рассматриваем два порога.
- Режим эквивалентного класса А эквивалентного класса А F.A.Q. - высокое качества (как великолепная управляемость автомобиля на небольшой скорости).
- Максимальный режим F.A.Q. - предельные характеристики, выше которых усилитель или хрипит или невозможно для него выставить уровень громкости выше (когда автомобиль теряет управляемость выше определенной скорости или не может развить скорость выше).
Voltage
- The maximum voltage level F.A.Q. without load is 1.55 dBV.
- The maximum voltage level in equivalent class A F.A.Q. without load is 1.55 dBV.
Current
- The maximum current level F.A.Q. is 36.38 dB(mA)
- The current level in equivalent class A F.A.Q. is 36.38 dB(mA).
Output Impedance
- The output impedance of the amplifier is 2.32 ohm.
Analyse of the output impedance of the Luxury & Precision L3 Pro for Unbalance DSDMod
When load is on (headphones were connected) the output voltage level decreases depending on the output impedance of the amplifier. The Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD has an output impedance of 2.32 ohms. This is a low-impedance, close to zero. With this impedance, the voltage drop at a low impedance load is small.
For а low-impedance load this is well because of good gain margin. But on low volume level background noise can be heard.
If the voltage is 1.54 at the 600 ohm load, then under load of 16 ohm voltage will decreases by 0.19 dB to 1.35 dBV.
Analysis of voltage and current of the Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with graph
One of the main tasks of the detection of compatibility of headphones with a specific amplifier, is to find out whether the amplifier can give the optimum voltage level. That section describes with details how to construct a graph of maximum voltage from the music power from the initial parameters of the amplifier.
Based on the values of the maximum voltage F.A.Q. levels and impedance of the amplifier, the maximum voltage levels for the headphone impedances of interest are determined. On the graph in the example, these are the impedance: 16, 32, 65, 125, 300 and 600 ohms. Grey columns show maximum voltage levels.
Voltage values are expressed not in volts, but in decibels to 1 volt - dBV. This allows you to compare the volume immediately in dB, which many are used in the equalizer and while adjust the volume.
We are interested not only in how loud the amplifier can work, but also to determine the range on what volume level we can get good quality. So we make estimation according to the voltage and current data of the in equivalent class A F.A.Q..
The Blue color area shows the voltage range for the equivalent class A under load without current limitation. This region is constructed in the same way as for the maximum voltage, depending on the magnitude of the load. However, each load value requires a certain current level at the output voltage at the amplifier output.
Orange area indicates the voltage range for the equivalent class A under load with only a current limitation with a margin of 12 dB (correction for a musical signal).
From two areas, a green area is obtained - a range that enters both the blue and orange zones simultaneously.
The lower bound for the yellow, lilac and green ranges in the form of the minimum voltage value is determined by the maximum level minus 36 dB. This is the desired range, which is optimal for the amplifier.
It is often believed that the louder the amplifier is the better, but it is not. If the amplifier is excessively loud, then when you lower the volume level, you often have to deal with different problems: audible background noise or channel imbalance.
Для Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD оптимальный диапазон регулировки громкости от максимума равен 36 дБ т.к. используется цифровой регулятор громкости.
Digital volume control - when the volume is lowered by program way or through the controller in the DAC, the useful signal decreases in amplitude, but the background noise remains at the same level. After lowering the volume to a comfortable level, you can hear definitely clear the noise in high-sensitivity headphones (or in middle- sensitivity headphones if the amplifier is initially very loud / powerful).
In smart phones, tablets and laptops in the low volume area there can be a noticeable contribution of distortions from the software algorithms of SSRC, which are even more destructive than background noise. Moreover, where volume control is performed through the OS (Windows, Linux), the volume control range may not exceed 48 dB and the user will have a choice between the loud sound and its total absence.
In smart phones, tablets and laptops in the low volume area there can be a noticeable contribution of distortions from the software algorithms of SSRC, which are even more destructive than background noise. Moreover, where volume control is performed through the OS (Windows, Linux), the volume control range may not exceed 48 dB and the user will have a choice between the loud sound and its total absence.
Analogue volume control - most analogue controls have an unbalance in the low volume level, when one channel sounds quieter than the other. To obtain a better volume control, use variable resistors from ALPS. In this case, imbalance is observed at much lower volume levels.
To obtain maximum quality, discrete regulators (stepped volume control) are used. Но, обычно шаг регулировки в области низких громкости - большой.
To obtain maximum quality, discrete regulators (stepped volume control) are used. Но, обычно шаг регулировки в области низких громкости - большой.
Thus, the lower level is limited by the recommended volume control range, and the upper level is calculated based on the current and voltage limits in the highest quality mode for this device, which we define as equivalent to class A.
For headphones, based on their sensitivity, ambient conditions and the required volume level, the required voltage is calculated. If the required voltage value is under the green area, then the headphones will be too sensitive for Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD and to set the optimum volume level it will be necessary to lower the level by more than 36 dB from the maximum.
If the required voltage value is above the green area, then you have headphones with not enough sensitivity-level and / or amp with insufficient voltage level in the equivalent class A F.A.Q..
If the value is above the green area, but does not exceed the gray area, then the headphones will give the necessary volume level, but the sound will be less qualitative, because the amplifier will work already in less qualitative equivalent modes AB F.A.Q., B F.A.Q. and maximum level F.A.Q..
If the value exceeds the maximum level, then the necessary volume level can not be reach, or will be clearly heard the "wheezing sound" from clipping.
The simplified formula of the desired voltage for headphones is as follows:
V = SPL - Sensitivity + Peak factor - Output voltage + Correction for external circumstances
where:
- SPL - the desired sound pressure in dB SPL at the headphone output.
- Sensitivity - the sensitivity of the headphones to the voltage.
- Correction for a music signal of 20 dB to account for the unevenness of the volume on the sound track.
- Output Voltage - the level of the output voltage of the amplifier in dBV when loaded of the headphone impedance.
- The correction for external circumstances is the noise of the environment and the presence of noise insulation in the headphones.
The analysis for specific headphones can be viewed separately by selecting the appropriate headphone models on professional graphics.
Analysis of use Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with headphones of different acoustic design
This rate primarily depends on the acoustic design of the headphones and the field of application of the headphones. Additionally, depending on the acoustic design, a correction is made to calculate the optimum volume level at which headphones are supposed to be used. In closed-type headphones due to noise isolation from outside sounds, the volume level can be slightly reduced, in calculations it is equal to -6 dB.
The table shows the options with closed and open headphones and ratings from 1 or 5.
Recommendation by compatibility of headphones with Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD based on measured characteristics
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with
low-impedance high-sensitivity headphones (126 dB/V SPL 16 ohm ) Есть хороший запас по громкости в 27.38 дБ при диапазоне регулировки в 36 дБ от максимума.. Есть незначительный запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область на 8.62 дБ. Возможно, с такими наушниками будет слышен фоновый шум усилителя.
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with low-impedance middle-sensitivity headphones (115 dB/V SPL 32 ohm ) Есть хороший запас по громкости в 16.94 дБ при диапазоне регулировки в 36 дБ от максимума.. Есть небольшой запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область на 19.06 дБ..
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with low-impedance low-sensitivity headphones (95 dB/V SPL 32 ohm ) Нет запаса по громкости как в качественном режиме эквивалентного класса А в виде -3.06 дБ, так и в менее качественных режимах в виде -3.06 дБ. Усилитель недостаточен для работы с такими наушниками, он будет тихим.. Есть запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область более 36 дБ..
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with middle-impedance low-sensitivity headphones (95 dB/V SPL 60 ohm ) Нет запаса по громкости как в качественном режиме эквивалентного класса А в виде -2.78 дБ, так и в менее качественных режимах в виде -2.78 дБ. Усилитель недостаточен для работы с такими наушниками, он будет тихим.. Есть запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область более 36 дБ..
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with hi-impedance low-sensitivity headphones (105 dB/V SPL 300 ohm ) Есть небольшой запас по громкости в 7.48 дБ при диапазоне регулировки в 36 дБ от максимума.. Есть большой запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область на 28.52 дБ..
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with low-impedance middle-sensitivity headphones (115 dB/V SPL 32 ohm ) Есть хороший запас по громкости в 16.94 дБ при диапазоне регулировки в 36 дБ от максимума.. Есть небольшой запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область на 19.06 дБ..
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with low-impedance low-sensitivity headphones (95 dB/V SPL 32 ohm ) Нет запаса по громкости как в качественном режиме эквивалентного класса А в виде -3.06 дБ, так и в менее качественных режимах в виде -3.06 дБ. Усилитель недостаточен для работы с такими наушниками, он будет тихим.. Есть запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область более 36 дБ..
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with middle-impedance low-sensitivity headphones (95 dB/V SPL 60 ohm ) Нет запаса по громкости как в качественном режиме эквивалентного класса А в виде -2.78 дБ, так и в менее качественных режимах в виде -2.78 дБ. Усилитель недостаточен для работы с такими наушниками, он будет тихим.. Есть запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область более 36 дБ..
Luxury & Precision L3 Pro Unbalance DSD with hi-impedance low-sensitivity headphones (105 dB/V SPL 300 ohm ) Есть небольшой запас по громкости в 7.48 дБ при диапазоне регулировки в 36 дБ от максимума.. Есть большой запас по регулировке громкости в тихую область на 28.52 дБ..
