About this report
This is a headphone report for professionals.
You can see a simple report for "dummies" with explanations of the main characteristics for Kotion Each G4000
One product can have multiple reports in different modes and with different a suite of tests.
Test report - general data headphone Kotion Each G4000
Perception of headphone frequency response curves of equal loudness ISO 226-2009
General results
General results Kotion Each G4000
Channel
Center/Summary
Sensitivity average in band from 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB/V
125,0
Impedance average in band from 40 Hz to 15 kHz, ohm
21,8
For 94,0 dB SPL need, VRMS
0,028
For 94,0 dB SPL need, mW
0,036
The table shows the most important technical characteristics Kotion Each G4000
*Center channel headphone is received by averaging the frequency response between the left and right channels
Test conditions
- Type of headphones: Over-ear
- Measurements were performed on the stand:
- with on the simulator of human head with ears HDM-X with natural acoustic damping
- Calculate headphone's SPL Kotion Each G4000 taking into amplifier by online calculator based on table's data
- Headphone: Low-impedance
- The type of acoustic design Closed
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Detailed measurements report of technical characteristics
Report content
- Sensitivity
- Frequency response
- Impedance
- Electric phase
- Frequency response of amplifier with constant output resistance
- Variation in frequency response with amplifiers with constant output resistance
- Frequency response with an amplifier with zero output resistance and raising of output resistance in low frequencies
- Variation in frequency response an amplifier with zero output resistance with raising-up of output resistance in low frequencies
- Perception of headphone frequency response curves of equal loudness ISO 226-2009
- Impulse response
- Step response
- Impulse Response Envelope (ETC - Energy Time Curve)
- QSD / Watterfall
- Delta QSD / Delta Watterfall
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Channel:
Brief information
The sensitivity of the headphones F.A.Q. is determined by the amplitude-frequency response curve F.A.Q. with the specified sound pressure dB SPL of 1 VRMS. For 0 dB, 20 μPa is assumed.
By the sensitivity of the headphones, you can predict the volume level developed by the headphones at any chosen frequency with the known supply voltage to the headphones from the amplifier. Three-wave smoothing F.A.Q. is used to eliminate the interference of waves due to the use of a "point" microphone.
The frequency response in RAA is obtained through the reproduction and analysis of a special noise signal with the subsequent generation of an impulse response. The frequency response plot is constructed from the spectrum of the impulse response. During the measurements, a special amplifier was used with zero total output impedance over the entire frequency range, which required no compensation for the amplitude response F.A.Q.. The microphone is calibrated to 45 kHz F.A.Q. with an appropriate frequency response correction.
The difference in amplitudes of 6 dB is equivalent to a twofold ratio of signal levels.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Table
Sensitivity Kotion Each G4000
Channel
Left
Right
Sensitivity average in band from 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB/V
125,2
124,6
Sensitivity at 500 Hz at 1 V, dB
127,4
129,4
Sensitivity at 500 Hz at 1 mW, dB
110,7
112,7
Sensitivity at 1000 Hz at 1 V, dB
132,9
132,4
Sensitivity at 1000 Hz at 1 mW, dB
116,2
115,4
The sensitivity was calculated by data from the measuring stand HDM-X
Comparison of the parameters
Compare the frequency response of headphones with sensitivity
How much sensitivity of the Kotion Each G4000 different from other models? Comparison the frequency response with sensitivity graph of Kotion Each G4000 on-line.
Comparison of the sensitivity value Kotion Each G4000 versus other models
How much are the characteristics of Kotion Each G4000 different from other models?
This can be compared for all measured headphone models
Determination of the required voltage level from the headphone amplifier and comparison with other models
What voltage range from the amplifier is needed for the Kotion Each G4000 ?
Comparison of on-line graphs with additional analytics of compatibility with specific amplifiers. In comparison, the required voltage value, which the amplifier should provide for the selected sound pressure, is determined based on the sensitivity value of the Kotion Each G4000 .
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Range, dB:
Channel:
Brief information
Graph of frequency response F.A.Q. the shows the balance of the frequency of the headphones (reproduced frequency spectrum) in dB. 0 dB is the average of the amplitude.
The frequency response of the headphones can be represented as the selected equalizer setting in the player, applicable to headphones with a flat sound. Subjective "flatness" is perceived differently from external conditions: the volume level F.A.Q. of the external noise and noise isolation headphones. When connected to an amplifier, the frequency response can change F.A.Q..
The frequency response in RAA is obtained through the reproduction and analysis of a special noise signal with the subsequent generation of an impulse response. The frequency response plot is constructed from the spectrum of the impulse response. During the measurements, a special amplifier was used with zero total output impedance over the entire frequency range, which required no compensation for the amplitude response F.A.Q.. The microphone is calibrated to 45 kHz F.A.Q. with an appropriate frequency response correction.
According to the frequency response curve, it is possible to calculate the width of the frequency range F.A.Q..
The difference in amplitudes of 6 dB is equivalent to a twofold ratio of signal levels.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Table
Frequency response Kotion Each G4000
Channel
Left
Right
Variation in frequency response in band from 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-16,07, 7,81
-11,56, 8,05
Comparison of the parameters
Comparison the frequency response of Kotion Each G4000 versus other models
How much frequency response of the Kotion Each G4000 different from other models? Comparison the frequency response of
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Channel:
Brief information
Impedance indicates the resistance of the earphone, depending on the frequency.
The vertical scale of resistance is presented on a logarithmic scale.
The impedance of the headphones affects the current consumption from the amplifier, changes in frequency response when connected to an amplifier F.A.Q. and indirectly on the sensitivity of the headphones F.A.Q. to the voltage.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Table
Impedance Kotion Each G4000
Channel
Left
Right
Impedance average in band from 40 Hz to 15 kHz, ohm
22,6
20,9
Resistance at 500 Hz, ohm
21,7
21,0
Resistance at 1000 Hz, ohm
21,4
20,0
The minimum value in band from 40 Hz to 15 kHz at frequency, Hz
1440,2
1681,6
The minimum value in band from 40 Hz to 15 kHz, ohm
21,1
19,9
The maximum value in band from 40 Hz to 15 kHz at frequency, Hz
99,8
96,4
The maximum value in band from 40 Hz to 15 kHz, ohm
28,9
24,6
Comparison of the parameters
Comparison of the impedance of Kotion Each G4000 versus other models
How much are the characteristics of Kotion Each G4000 different from other models? This can be compared for all measured headphone models
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Range, degree:
Channel:
Table
Electric phase Kotion Each G4000
Channel
Left
Right
Average variation in phase response in band from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, degree
2,6
2,5
The minimum value in band from 20 Hz to 20 kHz at frequency, Hz
161,6
143,2
The minimum value in band from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, degree
-7,8
-4,9
The maximum value in band from 20 Hz to 20 kHz at frequency, Hz
19741,4
19741,4
The maximum value in band from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, degree
16,4
15,8
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Range, dB:
Channel:
Brief information
The test shows the frequency response of the headphones when connected to amplifiersF.A.Q., whose output impedance is constantly operating frequency range.
For the analysis, the choice of amplifiers with resistances: 10, 20, 50, 100 and 300 Ohms.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Table
Frequency response of headphone Kotion Each G4000 with amplifier with a constant impedance
Channel
Left
Right
Variation in FR from AMP 0 ohm in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-16,07, +7,81
-11,56, +8,05
Variation in FR from AMP 10 ohm in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-16,12, +7,76
-11,61, +8,00
Variation in FR from AMP 20 ohm in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-16,15, +7,73
-11,63, +7,97
Variation in FR from AMP 50 ohm in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-16,18, +7,70
-11,66, +7,93
Variation in FR from AMP 100 ohm in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-16,20, +7,68
-11,68, +7,98
Variation in FR from AMP 300 ohm in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-16,22, +7,66
-11,69, +8,02
Comparison of the parameters
Compare the frequency response of a bundle of headphones and amplifiers
How much frequency response of the Kotion Each G4000 changes when connected to different amplifiers? In the example the Kotion Each G4000 and AMPs ASUS Essence One MK2 , xDuoo XD-05 , ASUS STRIX RAID DLX Hi, Chord Hugo TT , Creative Sound BlasterX AE-5 , Shanling M2s , Technics SE-A5 HP Out , Sabaj HPA1 Jack 3.5, Creative Audigy 5 ). You can choose and compare bundles with other amplifiers.
Variation in frequency response with amplifiers with constant output resistance from headphone Kotion Each G4000
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Range, dB:
Channel:
Brief information
The test shows only the change frequency response headphones F.A.Q. when connected to amplifiers, whose output impedance is constant in the operating frequency range.
At the amplifier the impedance can be of different sizes and when agreed with the impedance of the headphones, change in the frequency response F.A.Q. to varying degrees. The lower the output impedance of the amplifier and the higher the resistance of the headphones, the smaller the change.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Table
Variation in frequency response with amplifiers with constant output resistance from Kotion Each G4000
Channel
Center/Summary
With amplifier impedance at 10 ohm in band 20 Hz to 20 kHz, dB
0,7
With amplifier impedance at 20 ohm in band 20 Hz to 20 kHz, dB
1,1
With amplifier impedance at 50 ohm in band 20 Hz to 20 kHz, dB
1,6
With amplifier impedance at 100 ohm in band 20 Hz to 20 kHz, dB
1,9
With amplifier impedance at 300 ohm in band 20 Hz to 20 kHz, dB
2,2
*Center channel is received by data averaging between the left and right channels
Comparison of the parameters
Compare the frequency response of a bundle of headphones and amplifiers
How much frequency response of the Kotion Each G4000 changes when connected to different amplifiers? In the example the Kotion Each G4000 and AMPs ASUS Essence One MK2 , xDuoo XD-05 , ASUS STRIX RAID DLX Hi, Chord Hugo TT , Creative Sound BlasterX AE-5 , Shanling M2s , Technics SE-A5 HP Out , Sabaj HPA1 Jack 3.5, Creative Audigy 5 ). You can choose and compare bundles with other amplifiers.
Frequency response with an amplifier with zero output resistance and raising of output resistance in low frequencies from headphone Kotion Each G4000
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Range, dB:
Channel:
Brief information
The test shows the frequency response of the headphones when connected to amplifiersF.A.Q., whose output impedance is close to zero in the mid and high frequency range, but increases in the low frequency range.
An amplifier of this type was chosen for the analysis.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Table
Frequency response with an amplifier with zero output resistance and raising of output resistance in low frequencies from Kotion Each G4000
Channel
Left
Right
Variation in frequency response in band from 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-15,96, 7,89
-11,44, 8,14
Comparison of the parameters
Compare the frequency response of a bundle of headphones and amplifiers
How much frequency response of the Kotion Each G4000 changes when connected to different amplifiers? In the example the Kotion Each G4000 and AMPs Colorful Colorfly C4 Pro Jack 6.3, Arkhipovs Laboratory Melo , Laconic LunchBox H-Amp ). You can choose and compare bundles with other amplifiers.
Variation in frequency response an amplifier with zero output resistance with raising-up of output resistance in low frequencies from headphone Kotion Each G4000
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Range, dB:
Channel:
Brief information
The test shows only the change frequency response headphones F.A.Q. when connected to amplifiers, whose output impedance is constant in the operating frequency range.
The lower the impedance of headphones in the low-frequency range, the stronger the low frequencies are weakened. With high-impedance headphones, there is no noticeable change in the frequency response F.A.Q.. Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Table
Variance of frequency response Kotion Each G4000 depending on the total output resistance of the amplifier with zero resistance and a rise of resistance at low frequencies
Variance frequency response at the frequency 20 Hz, dB
-7,1
Variance frequency response at the frequency 40 Hz, dB
-3,1
Variance frequency response at the frequency 80 Hz, dB
-1,0
Comparison of the parameters
Compare the frequency response of a bundle of headphones and amplifiers
How much frequency response of the Kotion Each G4000 changes when connected to different amplifiers? In the example the Kotion Each G4000 and AMPs Colorful Colorfly C4 Pro Jack 6.3, Arkhipovs Laboratory Melo , Laconic LunchBox H-Amp ). You can choose and compare bundles with other amplifiers.
Perception of headphone frequency response curves of equal loudness ISO 226-2009 from headphone Kotion Each G4000
Graphics setting view
Channel:
Brief information
Brief information
The graph shows the change in the perception of the frequency responseF.A.Q. of the headphones when listening to music with a different loudness relative to the natural level. When listening to headphones at a low volume, the perception of recoil in the low frequency range decreases, and when you listen to it at a high volume, it increases.
According to this graph, you can estimate at what volume the headphones will be perceived more flat.
The perception of the number of low frequencies depends on the volume according to the curves of equal loudness. (ISO 226-2009 Acoustics. Normal equal-loudness-level contours). For the base level, 72 dB SPL (live performance of several instruments with vocals without amplifiers with acoustics) is selected.When you select another base level, the dependence varies slightly and is suitable for almost all levels.
Examples of graphics application in practice F.A.Q..
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Table
Perception of headphone frequency response curves of equal loudness ISO 226-2009 from Kotion Each G4000
Channel
Center/Summary
From level 48 dB at 72 dB SPL in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-16,3, +16,4
From level 36 dB at 72 dB SPL in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-15,2, +13,3
From level 24 dB at 72 dB SPL in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-14,0, +10,2
From level 12 dB at 72 dB SPL in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-13,6, +7,2
From level 0 dB at 72 dB SPL in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-13,5, +7,8
From level -12 dB at 72 dB SPL in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-13,5, +8,4
From level -24 dB at 72 dB SPL in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-13,4, +9,0
From level -36 dB at 72 dB SPL in band 100 Hz to 10 kHz, dB
-13,5, +9,4
*Center channel is received by data averaging between the left and right channels
Graphics setting view
Time, ms:
Channel:
Brief information
Impulse response is a reaction to the pulse of the minimum possible duration. From the impulse response, most of the parameters under study are calculated: frequency response F.A.Q., phase-frequency response, group delay, waterfall, step response and square wave. The impulse response is visually not informative and for obtaining the majority of characteristics a fast Fourier transform and other mathematical algorithms with the analysis of the total pulse length are used. The total pulse length is about 5 seconds, while only the beginning of a pulse of 2-4 milliseconds is visually visible. Vertically, the visual detail does not exceed 40-45 dB.
The impulse response is able to show visually only the same or different polarity of the drivers and possible high-frequency resonance.
The waveform of the impulse response of the Kotion Each G4000 depends on the Kotion Each G4000 frequency response and the damped resonances and reverberations of the Astrotec AX-60 and the reverberation in the stand chamber. The visual clarity of the parameters on the impulse response is very low. Visual determination of quality by impulse response was actual in "pre-computer" years.
The frequency response in RAA is obtained through the reproduction and analysis of a special noise signal with the subsequent generation of an impulse response. During the measurements, a special amplifier was used with zero total output impedance over the entire frequency range, which required no compensation for the amplitude response F.A.Q.. The microphone is calibrated to 45 kHz F.A.Q. with an appropriate frequency response correction. RAA measurements are made in 192 kHz / 24 bit mode. The impulse response is displayed as is, without compensation of the frequency response for the microphone or smoothing. It is RAW data. The reduction in the frequency response of the microphone starts at 20 kHzF.A.Q.. When reproducing the test signal via the E-MU 1616m , the original impulse response does not contain any pre-ringing F.A.Q.. Translation of the description is not yet ready
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Graphics setting view
Time, ms:
Range, dB:
Channel:
Brief information
The envelope of the impulse response is the sum of the half-wave moduli of the impulse response, constructed on a logarithmic scale.
In speaker tests, the envelope of the impulse response tracks the reverberation of the room. For headphones that operate on a small volume, this feature does not carry any useful information. The envelope of the impulse response is given for general educational purposes - to show that the impulse response is not a short burst of 2-4 ms, but a long-term attenuation within a few seconds. The widespread opinion "on the impulse characteristic all at once it is visible" incorrectly.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Graphics setting view
Time, ms:
Channel:
Brief information
The step response is a playback on a step (front square) signal. It is built on the derivative impulse response .The response to the step represents the beginning of the meander front with zero frequency.
In the audiophile community on the square wave it is customary to determine the "speed" of the headphones, however this characteristic is applicable only to amplifiers having a flat frequency response with no reverberation and completely not applicable to headphones.
The waveform of the response to the step depends on the frequency response and the resonances of the headphones. In ancient times, before the wide spread of digital technologies, in the form of a meander, a rough estimate was made on the frequency response F.A.Q. and F.A.Q.. Today, the analysis of acoustic parameters on the meander is hopelessly outdated and the graphs of the final frequency response and waferballs with resonances are looked at separately.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Channel:
Brief information
The cumulative spectrum of the signal attenuation shows resonances and reverberations after the headphones cease to reproduce the signal.
The cumulative spectrum F.A.Q. of signal attenuation is constructed by impulse response .The graph does not use three-wave smoothing. Time zones with an interval of 1 ms are painted in a certain color. For convenience of perception, the graph does not have vertical displacement, limited only to horizontal displacement. From the position of 3D - this is a view with a small turn in the horizontal plane. You can accurately assess the level on a vertical scale. To obtain good resolution in the time domain, a small window of 2048 samples is used, which directly affects the low resolution of the low frequency region and the graph in the region below 200-300 Hz does not show useful information.
The presence of resonances does not have a direct connection with the class of headphones, but allows you to make an assumption about the noticeable effect of the quality of the amplifier for headphones. Each resonance adds emphasis to its frequency and if distortion from the amplifier gets into these frequencies, these distortions will be amplified. Variants of "good" and "bad" graphs can be viewed separately F.A.Q..
Resonances can be considered in part as a qualitative indicator "less = better". But it is more correctly viewed as an indicator of universality "less resonance = less audible amplifier problems". If high-end headphones have a lot of resonances, then their potential will be revealed only with an amplifier with a minimum level of distortion.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
Graphics setting view
Frequency band, Hz:
Channel:
Brief information
The change in the cumulative spectrum F.A.Q. of the signal attenuation is a cumulative spectrum of the signal attenuation, where the original frequency response is represented by a straight line.
Time zones are painted in a certain color.
Sharp peaks above 0 dB are formed in the presence of a narrow-band dip at the initial frequency response. This can be a resonance or an error in the interference of waves, it needs to die according to the graph of cumulative spectrum signal attenuation.
For the convenience of estimating the amplitudes, the graph has no vertical and horizontal displacement.
To obtain good resolution in the time domain, a small window of 2048 samples is used, which directly affects the low resolution of the low frequency region and the graph in the region below 200-300 Hz does not show useful information.
Original text in Russian report. You can help with translation via the forum or feedback.
On-line comparison and selection services for Kotion Each G4000
Determination of the required voltage level from a headphone amplifier for Kotion Each G4000 and comparison with other models A additional analytics of compatibility with specific amplifiers.
The automatic selection of the optimal AMP models from Kotion Each G4000 from the measured power parameters of the amplifying part and the measured parameters of the headphones for different purpose of use.
